童工:儿童,还是工资劳动者?

资本雇佣制度下的童工是资本主义工业化模式的产物和特殊历史现象。19世纪晚期20世纪初期,美国进入工业化和城市化社会。随着社会变迁的加速进行,童工不足越来越引起公众和政府的关注,成为这一时期美国的一个重要社会和政治不足。作为当事人的童工家长、工厂企业主和童工本人、社会工作者或进步人士、政府部门等都以各自的方式参与了童工不足的论争。童工不足成为一个普遍性社会不足和重要政治不足,公众和政府的立法与行政部门反对使用童工,并努力通过经济规制行动限制乃至禁止童工劳动,这不仅反映了当时美国社会儿童观念的深刻变迁,而且从一个侧面反映了当时美国在社会正义与社会公正方面所做出的努力和所取得的进展。而在美国自由资本主义发展时期,这些努力在生产力发展和资本家利益面前又显得是何等的苍白无力!

【Abstract】wWw.shuoshilunwen.com Employment of child labor under capital system is the product of the capital mode of industrialization and specially historical phenomenon. In the late 19th and early 20th century, The United States went into the society of industrialization and urbanization. With the acceleration of social change, child labor issues he gradually aroused the concern of all the social circles. As the parties , including parents of child labor, factory owners or business owners and the children themselves, social workers and the progressive, as well as government departments, who took part in the child labor debate with their own way. The problem of child labor became an important social and political issue in the Gilded and the Progressive Era.The public and the legislative and executive branches were against child labor and tried to refrain or even to prohibit child labor through economic regulation, which not only did reflect the concept of children in American society he the profound changes at the time, but also mirrored from one side that the United States he made efforts and great progress in social justice. However , in the development process of Ameican laissez-faire capitali ,These efforts proved how definitely inferior by comparision of the productive development and the capitalist interests.

【关键词】 美国;童工;工业化;工资劳动者;规制经济;
【Key words】 American;child labor;industrialization;wage-earner;economic regulation;

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