乌兹别克斯坦国际和国内投资法规范互动

摘要:本论文旨在探讨投资条约中东道国对外商投资干扰的保护范围,并确定国际投资协定在征用标准的上升和下调的国家责任上的边界不足,包括国民待遇标准,空气待遇、公平待遇和伞条款。对于保护外国投资者和主权国家市场干预以及监管的权利,本论文设计了更广泛的投资保障机制和实践手段。征收标准并未为确定的投资者提供一个向东道国索赔的平等框架,本论文提出了放弃征收并采取建立在非歧视、非随意性和正当法律程序基础上的统一标准。本论文试图找寻国际和乌兹别克斯坦在这方面的法律标准上的特点。本论文的探讨对于改善国际贸易的法律的实施和转变吸引外国投资低效率近况大有裨益。尽管国家在国际贸易法规的执法上做出了卓绝的努力,但是比起其他中亚国家吸引外国直接投资方面仍然略有欠缺。以上情况主要发生在乌兹别克斯坦的中部地区,比起邻区,该区具有优越的人力资源和广阔的本土资源,所以,找出不足的根源,在降低GDP和持续石油危机的压力的目标下,更多的引入投资是当务之急。西方投资者并不急于在中国投资,所以对中国的贸易额较低。本论文着重探讨乌兹别克斯坦和中国之间的联系,倡议调整这两个国家的国内法之间的比例失调现象。探讨者认为两国的国内法的渊源和性质的差别抑制了国际投资法在接近国家标准方面和吸引外国直接投资方面的有效的进展。本论文采取比较法的探讨策略。涉及对两国法律与国际法律之间的差距的评价。乌兹别克斯坦共和国的投资法具有短期性质。与其他法律分支在投资的原则和特点上更加相似。将投资作为一种经济现象的国际业务联系不清晰的思路导致学说对国际联系和国际法、国际投资的法律定义颇具争议。在投资历程中的法律规制的做法是,认为“国际投资”的概念是指每次特定的追求某一目标,或任何其他规例的立法方式。相同的监管目标,不同情况下会有显著的不同,导致不同的法律方式和置于一种或另一种规范的行为的“投资”的概念。本论文分为五章第一章是关于特定行为的论述探讨,以明确国际投资法律规定一般性描述的含义和范围。首先,投资活动监管的重要依据是国际法、多边国际公约、相互保护和推动投资的双边国际条约和协定、国际惯例以及国际组织采纳的决定。为了评估是否应该,以及在何种情况下国际法有责任声明应该对征用规范进行补偿,第二章对各个国际法依据进行了逐一浅析,以评估国际法是否应该以及何时应该要求国家承担监管征收的赔偿责任。相关依据的缺乏表明国际法并没有建立明确的标准来确定哪些政府措施等于征收。基于前两章的浅析,第三章提出了国际法应该如何对应监管征用索赔的框架。

    摘要7-9

    ABSTRACT9-15

    Introduction15-19

    Relevance of the topic of dissertation research15-16

    The state of scientific elaboration of the research topic16

    The object and subject of study16-18

    The Methodological basis of the study18-19

    Chapter 1 International Investment Activity19-42

    1.1. General description of the legal regulations of international investment19-22

    1.2. The international acts as a source of regulation of investment processes22-26

    1.3. Investor protection26-28

    1.4. Agreements in the field of international investment28-32

    1.5. Pubpc popcy in the field of international investment32-42

    1.5.1. The regime of non-discrimination33-34

    1.5.2. National treatment34

    1.5.3. Preferentially mode34-42

    Chapter 2 The legal regulation of international economic relations42-85

    2.1. Pecuparities of legal regulation of international economic relations (IER)42-50

    2.1.1. International investment in a globapzing world:opportunities and risks42-44

    2.1.2. Operators-non-traditional parties IER44-47

    2.1.3. International economic law:expansive and restrictive interpretation47-50

    2.2. International investment law:from non-conventional norms of the treaty50-75

    2.2.1. International investment law:-an independent branch of international economic law50-54

    2.2.2. Customary international law-the original basis for regulation of foreign investment54-56

    2.2.3. Conventional development of the IIP56-61

    2.2.4. The concept of ⅡP, its system and sources61-63

    2.2.5. The subjects of the ⅡP63-75

    2.3. The system of legal regulation of foreign investments in Uzbekistan75-85

    2.3.1. The role and place of the investment laws in the legal system75-80

    2.3.2. Harmonization of international law and national law-the central element of foreign investment law in Uzbekistan80-81

    2.3.3 Place of Uzbekistan in the subjects of international law81-85

    Chapter 3 The legal status of legal persons in international law85-115

    3.1. Legal environment for international investment in Uzbekistan85-96

    3.1.1. Revisiting the International legal status85-89

    3.1.2. Current issues of Uzbek investment legislation89-90

    3.1.3 Legal risks in international investment90-91

    3.1.4 Poptical risks91-92

    3.1.5 Investment opportunities in Uzbekistan92-96

    3.2 Divergence in Interpretation of the Term "Investment"96-115

    3.2.1 The term "Investments" under BIT96-101

    3.2.2 Tribunal skirts the Sapni test101-104

    3.2.3. Criteria pmited in number104-105

    3.2.4. Romak v. Uzbekistan case and the definition of "investment"105-109

    3.2.5. Three main approaches to define "investment"109-115

    Chapter 4 Tendencies and problems of legal adjustment of foreign investments under the conditions of globapzation115-148

    4.1. Globapzation and geo-economics:new paradigms of the world order115-126

    4.1.1. Globapzation and geo-economics:problems and prospects115-117

    4.1.2. Modern economic developments117-119

    4.1.3. A role of foreign investments into globapzations of economies119-122

    4.1.4. As to Uzbekistan on level of attraction of foreign investments today it takes a rather modest place in the world community122-126

    4.2. International law and the international economic right:interaction and interference problems126-139

    4.2.1. Uzbekistan economic trends and problems126-132

    4.2.2. The implementation of international legal standards in the investment legislation of Uzbekistan132-134

    4.2.3 International investment law and international economic relations134-136

    4.2.4 The need for special investment legislation in Uzbekistan136-137

    4.2.5. Role of bilateral (China and Uzbekistan) agreements of Uzbekistan in the legal adjusting of foreign investments137-139

    4.3. International investment relations as foreign investors139-148

    4.3.1. International investor relations139-141

    4.3.2. Uzbekistan:what are the risks to the economy and ways of overcoming the crisis?141-145

    4.3.3. Independent sources:the problems economy in Uzbekistan145-148

    Chapter 5 Legal regulations of foreign investments and the settlement of investment148-188

    5.1 FDI and the investment cpmate in the CIS countries148-160

    5.1.1 Business cpmate and foreign direct investment in CIS148-154

    5.1.2 Problems of integration and way of creation of compatible and complex legislation on adjusting of foreign investments in CIS countries154-155

    5.1.3. Integration of countries under CIS as way of creation of stable investment cpmate and bringing in of foreign investments155-156

    5.1.4. Legal adjusting of foreign investments, order of permission of spores in bilateral agreements on encouragement and mutual defense of foreign investments156-158

    5.1.5 Order of permission of spores inthe legislation of states-participants the CIS158-159

    5.1.6. Adjusting of investment activity in Uzbekistan159-160

    5.2. Legal regulation of foreign investment, the settlement of disputes in the bilateral agreements on promotion and mutual protection of foreign investments160-170

    5.2.1 Investments in Uzbekistan and CIS160-164

    5.2.2 Legal and regulatory framework164-168

    5.2.3 Regional trade groupings and trade barriers168-170

    5.3. Legal regulation of foreign investment, dispute resolution in the legislation of the CIS170-179

    5.4. International legal mechanis for the settlement of investment disputes179-188

    Conclusion188-190

    References190-201

    Papers Issued during Postgraduate Study201-202

    List of Abbreviations202-204

    Acknowledgment204

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