陕西省档案图书害虫种类与综合治理

【Abstract】wWw.shuoshilunwen.com Archive books are not precious wealth of CPC and our country, but the public resource of the whole society. With the rapid development of information technology and digital, although the utilization of archive books has been affected in some degree, the unique historical value of archive books is irreplaceable, and in particular for the 5000-year history of China to keep all history information, archive books he always been the concerned issues. Shaanxi is located in the middle of China. It not has a long history and effulgent culture, but has the powerful science and technology capacity. There are many universities, colleges and institutes here. Xi’an is one of the famous cultural cities even over the world and it has plenty of archive books and library materials. Thus these precious archive books he made outstanding contributions in economic and science cultural cause of Shaanxi. However, due to the factors of wide variety of archive books, uneven level of management and the relative lack of management skills, moth-eaten archives and books can often been discovered. Archive books may become rotten holes by the damage of pests and undermine their integrity; even worse become the mixture of paper debris and insect droppings and cause irreparable damage to the national economy and society. In order to entirely find out species and biological characteristics of archive books pests in Shaanxi province, explore risk reduced control measurements on populations, this study has selected Archives in different areas, with different management level, and with different types as targets in Shaanxi Province. Investigation on species of archive books pests in Shaanxi Province and biological ecology research, prevention and cure testing research were carried out through the methods of not only integrating sentinel surveys and random sampling but also combination of indoor observation and testing. And prevention and cure countermeasures are brought forward against the law of occurrence of pests of archive books and the standard requirements of archive books management in Shaanxi Province. The study results are as follows:1.Through the investigation, the pest species and circumstances of damage in Shaanxi Province were found out. It provides the foundation for the study and control of archive books pests. There are 55 species (including 6 documented species) of specimen’s pests of archive books in Shaanxi province belonging to 19 families, 6 orders. Among them, Coleopteran composition has the largest number accounting for more than 60% of the total species number。Viewing from the circumstances of damage occurrence,hing more species and not serious inset pest are the characteristics of archive books pests in Shaanxi.2.According to the damage degree and occurrence frequency, these specimen’s pests of archive books are divided into three types: important pest, general pest, uncommon pest. The main species of archive books pests in Shaanxi are drug-store beetle (Stegobium paniceum Linnaeus),tobacco beetle(Lasioderma serricorne Fabricius), all Cabinet beetle (Anthrenus verbasci Linnaeus),Trogoderma varibile Ballion,spider beetle (Ptinus tectus Boiedieu), casemaking cloth moths (Tinea pellionella Linnaeus), etc. Occurring and diffusion of archive books pests are closely related to unique geographical environment in Shaanxi province and the lack of pest control knowledge. In addition, the pests control system is not consummate; the pests control measures he not been fully carried out; lacking of necessary pests forecasters and control equipments are also important reasons.3.The fauna compositions of pests of archive books in Shaanxi are as follow: widespread composition has 16 species accounting for 36.36% of the total species number in Shaanxi. Palaearctic composition has 6 species accounting for 13.64% of the total species number in Shaanxi, and Oriental composition has 5 species accounting for 11.36% of the total species number in Shaanxi. Palaearctic- Oriental composition has 6 mutual species accounting for 13.64% of the total species number in Shaanxi. Palaearctic-Nearctic composition has 4 mutual species accounting for 9.09% of the total species number in Shaanxi. The cross three sectors composition has 5 species accounting for 11.36% of the total species number in Shaanxi. The archive books pests in Shaanxi are dominated by widespread species. Palaearctic and Palaearctic-Oriental mutual species are in the next place. The fauna compositions of pests of achive books in Shaanxi The analysis of characteristics of fauna compositions of pests of achive books in Shaanxi and causes laid the foundation for the enactment of pests control measures in Shaanxi.4.Through a pilot study, the appropriate frozen pesticidal temperature and drug dosage of suffocating were determined. Under normal circumstances, the frozen pesticidal temperature of -20°C can kill all stages of the Tobacco Beetle; The usual dosage of aluminum phosphide fumigation is 12～15 g/m3 of archives’room,the Zinc phosphide is 15 g/m3。.5.Strategies, steps and measures on population management of archive books pest were brought forward according to insect population ecology theory. Pests of Archive books live in Archives and Library which he the indoor environment of a closed or semi-closed system. The control of pests of archive books can be more easily manipulated. According to the guide line of " giving priority to prevention, comprehensive control", using the relationship between pest and host (books, archives) and ecosystem-based control measures, giving priority to physical measures, using of necessary biological measures supplemented with reasonable chemical emergency measures, meanwhile, using various coordination measures in suitable time, suitable site , suitable pest; and giving attention to environmental and personal safety, the scientific management of all pests population can be carried out. According to preservation condition and Shaanxi provincial condition, intensifying daily pest management and preventing insect storage should be emphasized; and environment not conducive to pest occurrence can be created by adjusting temperature and humidity of archives’room; and it is claimed to deal with all batch of archive books by frozen pesticidal treatment and large batch of archive books by using Phostoxin or Zinc phosphide fumigation.