近代英国政治哲学中公民社会理谈

【Abstract】wWw.shuoshilunwen.com Civil society, first appeared in the west, has different meanings in different times. The earliest concept of "Civil society" appeared in "political socience". Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, used "Politke Kornonia" to refer to a social or political community composed with homogeneous citizens, which pursued a common good or interests.From ancient Greece to modern times, civil society has different meanings in different period and he different focus. Natural philosophers in Greece and Socrate make the main theme shifted from the God to the people. The origin of state become the theme of western classical political philosophy. Medieval times, theology ruled the Europe, the development of political philosophy is constrained by theology. In modern times, with the development of commodity economy, commodity exchange has gradually replaced the blood ties between people .Homogeneous communities he gradually began heterogeneous, counties are no longer pursuing the common good of mankind. Personal interests and the public welfare become the first priority of a country.Modern nation State replace churches, secular royalty replace theocratic right and the public sectors he emerged and rise of medieval theological political and social order, attacked by new concepts, political philosophy, the theory of civil society rise laid a good age. Modern British political philosophy, The theory of civil society in Modern British political philosophy generally divided into three periods : the first stage is the establishment of commodity economy, mercantili rised, it is represented by Hobbs. By the natural state and the social contract theory of the origins and social perspective, Hobbs explored the establishment of State and government, emphasized the absolute authority of the state. The second stage is the rient of classical liberali, it is represented by Locke. State responsible for the protection of people’s lives, property and freedom, the state and government was established by people, if the government violated the citizen right, could not properly perform their duties, people can return to the natural state, choose to establish a new government. The third stage is represented by Hume. Human selfishness and limited generosity, in