衰败和复苏：国民政府初期农业经济发展状况（1927-1937）

【Abstract】wWw.shuoshilunwen.com During 1927-1937 China’s agricultural economy experienced a process of from the decline to recovery. In the early years of the establishment of Nanjing Nationalist Government, due to the natural disasters, the civil wars, and the world economic depression and other external factors, China’s agricultural economy went into a woeful predicament. In order to consolidate the political domination, to revive the agricultural economy, to increase revenue, the national government formulated and implemented a series of measures and policies for remedying and developing the agriculture, such as, to unify the water conservancy administration, to initiate development the agricultural cooperative movements, to improve and spread the agricultural science and technology, to implement the land reform, and to carry out the policy of cultivating wastelands, etc. The implementation of these measures and policies played a crucial role in the agriculture from its decline to recovery, and attained success to some extent. Therefore, a new agricultural financial institution was organized and developed; the agricultural science and technology was made better and disseminated; the agricultural composition of capitali and the commercialization of agricultural products were increased; the areas of land cultivation were expanded; and the crop output, the agricultural total value and the foreign trade of agriculture had increasingly developed respectively. Although the agricultural economy in this period went out of the shadow of the decline and to the road of the recovery, yet it was undoubtedly backward in the overall point of view. The internal factors resulting in China’s agricultural backwardness remained obstinately strong, which mainly include the backwardness and shortage of agricultural production tools, the low scientific and cultural quality of the agricultural population, the allness and scatter of farming operations, the low skills of agricultural production, and the hey land taxation and other taxes, and so on and so large. These factors seriously had undermined the effectiveness of the implementation of agricultural policies and restricted, in a long run, the further development of China’s agricultural economy.