从解构到重构:建设性后现代哲学精神和作用

20世纪70年代末80年代初,西方世界涌现出一股思潮即建设性后现代哲学,它在现代性的批判和超越方面作出了巨大的贡献。这里,我想谈的不仅是以德里达、福科为代表的解构性后现代哲学,我们都知道,以他们为代表的哲学主要是对以往传统哲学的彻底消解和颠覆,他们试图用这样一种摧毁的方式彻底地否定传统哲学,表示出与传统哲学的彻底决裂。德里达的解构主义主要批判了逻各斯中心主义,认为以往的哲学都是一种在场形而上学,或者说它是一种言语中心主义,这是在海德格尔哲学的基础上,它注重的是口头语言,而忽略了文字的重要性,德里达通过对言语中心主义的批判提出了新文字学,在一定程度上提高了文字的地位。福科以对传统知识型的批判表示了与现代哲学的彻底决裂,认为资本主义文化的发展完全是知识型的变迁,而没有一个固定不变的内在结构,有的只是断裂的变化的结构。因而,他研究人文科学的策略是一种知识考古学的策略,而非现象学解释学策略,也不同于结构主义的策略,而是他所谓的考古学策略或者后来的谱系学策略。更侧重的是对90年代在美国兴起和发展起来的建设性后现代哲学。它以一种区别于现代性思维和解构性思维的全新思维模式呈现在历史的舞台,顿时让我们眼前一亮。建设性后现代哲学是一个内容比较广泛的思潮,主要包括了以大卫-雷-格里芬为代表的建设性后现代哲学、以查伦-查伦-斯普瑞特奈克为代表的生态后现代哲学以及以凯伦-瓦伦为代表的生态女性哲学等。他们虽然可以独立的属于不同的派别,但他们从总体上都承认自然和人的和谐共处,人与人的相互和谐。因此,他们在一定程度上是相互交叉的,只是从不同侧面和角度来诉说同一个不足。比如:他们都比较注重对生态的保护,对女性的重视。诚然,建设性后现代哲学是在广义上使用的范畴,那么,本文试图对它们的产生、基本观点和贡献做出较为深入的研究并浅析浅析这股来势凶猛的思潮对中国的建设所起的作用。当然,从解构性到建设性的浅析浅析给我们以深刻的启迪,我们在其中有所思索和领悟。既然解构性后现代哲学和建设性后现代哲学都对现代性加以了批判,笔者首先谈的是现代性哲学的界定、基本特点和其内部隐藏的矛盾。

【Abstract】wWw.shuoshilunwen.com The late 20th century,70 the early 80s, the Western world thought that emerged in an constructive post-modern philosophy, its critique and exceed of modernity has made tremendous contributions. Here, I would like to talk about not only by Derrida, Foucault, represented by thedeconstruction of post-modern philosophy, as we know, the philosophy represented by their principal is a thorough deconstruction of traditional philosophy and subversion, they try to use such a kind of way to completely negate traditional philosophy, expressed a complete break with traditional philosophy. The main critici of Derrida’s deconstruction of the logocentri,that the presence of the past is a kind of metaphysical philosophy, or that it is a speech-centri, this is the basis on Heidegger’s philosophy, its focus is the spoken language, while ignoring the importance of written language, Derrida through the critique of Voice-centri proposed New Philology, to a certain extent, improve the status of written language. Foucault to critique the traditional knowledge that a clean break with the modern philosophy that the development of capitalist culture is entirely Episteme’s change, but do not he a fixed internal structure, but rather changes in the structure of fracture. Thus, he studied humanities approach is a knowledge Archaeological method, rather than the hermeneutic phenomenological method is also different from the method of structurali, but he called the archaeological method or methods later genealogy.Focus more on the rise in the United States in 90 years and developed a constructive post-modern philosophy. It is distinguished from modern mode of thinking and deconstruction of a new mode of thinking in the historical stage, suddenly we all themselves. Constructive post-modern philosophy is a relatively wide range of thought content, including up to Did R.Griffin as the representative of the constructive post-modern philosophy to Charlene Spretnark to represent the ecological as well as post-modern philosophy, represented by Karren Warren Ecofeminist philosophy. Although they may belong to different factions separate, but they all recognize from the overall harmony of nature and man,mutual harmony between people. Therefore, they cross each other to some extent, only with different aspects and angles to tell the same question. For example:They are more focused on ecological protection, the importance of women. Indeed, the constructive post-modern philosophy is to use the areas in the broad sense, then, this paper attempts to produce them, the basic point of view and contribution of more in-depth research and analyzing this ferocious trend on the role of the building. Of course, from deconstruction to a constructive analysis of a deep inspiration to us, we are in its thinking and understanding in some. Since deconstructive post-modern philosophy and constructive post-modern philosophy he to be a critique of modernity, the author first to talk about is the definition of modern philosophy, the basic features and revealing its internal contradictions.

【关键词】 现代性;解构性后现代;建设性后现代;
【Key words】 modernity;deconstructive post-modern;constructivepost-modern;

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